Indian Chemistry has a very old tradition in the country. Amazing details about metals, ores, their quarries, compounds, and alloys may be found in ancient books. The “Rasayan Shastra,” or “Indian Chemistry,” contains information on hundreds of instruments used in chemical investigations. There have been many chemists throughout Indian Chemistry history, and some of their innovations include: –
• Ras Ratnakar, Kakshaputtantra, Arogya Manjari, Yog Saar, and Yoasthak were characters of Nagarjuna.
• Rasratna Samuchchay Vaagbhatt
• Ramchandra- Rasendra Chintamani; Yashodhar- Ras Prakash Sudhakar; Govindacharya- Rasarnava; Somdev- Rasendra Chudamani
In the book “Ras Ratna Samuchchay,” the following substances are listed as the principal substances:
(1) Maharas
(2) Upras
(3) Samanya Ras
(4) Ratna
(5) Dhatu
(6) Vish
(7) kshar
(8) Aml
(9) Lavan
(10) Lohbhasm.
India’s history of chemistry:
Scholars frequently consult the following sources when discussing the emergence and growth of ancient knowledge in any nation:
- The region’s prehistoric past
- Conventional wisdom
- archaeological proof
So it makes sense to study the huge body of ancient Indian Chemistry literature in order to delve deeply into the historical roots of the development of Indian chemistry. It is significant to remember that the “vedas” are regarded as one of the best ways to learn about the various parts of India’s past. It is also widely acknowledged that the Rig Veda is the oldest of the Four Vedas used in Indian Chemistry. Beginning in the early 18th century BC, mankind began learning about new elements.
Indian steel was of such high quality that ancient records of the export of swords forged with it to Persia and other countries were discovered.
Vrihat Samhita
Consider Nagarjuna’s book “Ras Ratnakar,” which he wrote in the second century. This book’s review is credited to a Buddhist chemist of the same name who was born in the sixth century. This book is offered in two formats as a result. In any case, this book has the most comprehensive knowledge of chemicals in Indian Chemistry. Varahamihari wrote about the process of creating exceedingly high-grade steel to produce weapons and ammunition in his “Vrihat Samhita” in the sixth century. Indian steel was of such high quality that historical proof of the shipment of swords forged with it to Persia and other countries was discovered.
Similar to this, from the eighth to the twelfth centuries, books like Vagbhatt’s Ashtang Hridayam, Govind Bhagvatpad’s Rasshridaytantra and Rasarnav, Somdev’s Rasarnavakalp and Rasendra Chudamani, Gopal Bhatt’s Rasendrasar Sangrah, and many others were written on Indian Chemistry in India. These books include Raskalp, Rasratnasamuchchay, Ras etc.
According to British records, India used roughly 20,000 kilns to produce different metals in 1800, 10,000 of which were only used to produce iron, and 80,000 people were engaged. The steel produced in India at the time was of a higher quality than the Swedish steel, which was the industry standard at the time. Captain Pressgrain, the British manager of the plant that made coins at the time, and Major James Franklin, another Englishman, are the witnesses. During that period and for a very long time after, many other iron products, including soap, ammunition, indigo, ink, sulphur, copper, and zinc, were also produced using Indian technology. Indian technology was forgotten very quickly with the development of western technology during the British era.
These are only a few instances that demonstrate the excellent tradition of chemical research that India has had for many, many years. This tradition declined as a result of attacks from outside invasions and the destruction of Sanskrit literature during the time of slavery. In order to learn from both ancient and modern science, it is necessary to study some ancient Sanskrit texts with individuals who are knowledgeable about modern science. In addition, research in chemistry and Ayurveda should be encouraged in light of India’s environment, climate, and natural resources. The ignorance of Sanskrit and Indian scriptures has left India’s ancient science and priceless knowledge volumes gathering dust in old libraries. It is hoped that the Indian government will take notice of it and form the committee to bring old Indian Chemistry back. In the modern day, it is equally essential to protect the Both old wisdom and modern science are necessary because, if a society does not preserve its knowledge throughout times of renewal, it will take many years before it can acquire that information of ancient Indian Chemistry.
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