(PDF) Physical States of Matter Class 9 Chemistry Notes IGCSE
FBISE QUESTION: Why do mountaineers carry with them pressure cooker? OR Why pressure cooker saves time in the kitchen? EXPLANATION: Pressure cooker is equipped with a valve that…
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry 0620 Revision Notes
Candidates Can study the following topics Cambridge International Educational Notes prepares school students for life, helping them develop an informed curiosity and a lasting passion for learning. These…
Is Matter Around us pure Class 9 Notes Handwritten PDF
CBSE Chemistry Science stream/Chemistry (CY) Is Matter Around us pure Class 9 Handwritten Notes in Pdf format After Very Hardworking by contacting Toppers of Board /NEET we have got…
Matter in Our Surroundings Class 9 Handwritten Notes
CBSE Chemistry Science stream/ISCE Chemistry (CY) Matter in Our Surroundings Class 9 Class IX Notes Handwritten Notes in Pdf format After Very Hardworking by contacting Toppers of Board /NEET we…
The Mole & Avogadro’s Constant
The Mole Concept Mole: This is the mass of any substance containing the same number of fundamental units i.e.; Atoms, Molecules or ions, as there are atoms in…
IGCSE Chemistry Syllabus Oxford AQA exams
IGCSE Chemistry Syllabus summary Atomic structure and the periodic table Solid, liquids and gases A simple model of the atom The periodic table Structure, bonding and the properties…
Writing Equations Revision Notes IGCSE Chemistry
Writing Word Equations & Balanced Equations Step 1: Identify reactants and products and place them in a word equation. Step 2: Convert the chemical names into chemical formulas.…
Stoichiometry Revision Notes IGCSE Chemistry CIE
Symbols & Formulae Stoichiometry deals with the application of the laws of definite proportions and of the conservation of mass and energy to chemical activity For eg; when…
Metallic Bonding Revision Notes IGCSE Chemistry CIE
Metallic Bonding metallic bond is a force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance. Such a solid consists of closely packed atoms. In most cases, the outermost…
Macromolecules IGCSE Chemistry CIE Revision Notes
Giant Covalent Structures A giant covalent structure is a three-dimensional structure of atoms that are joined by covalent bonds. Allotropes are different forms of the same element, in the…
Covalent Bonds IGCSE Chemistry CIE Revision Notes
Single Covalent Bonds A single covalent bond is formed when only one pair of electrons is shared between atoms. A sigma bond is the strongest type of covalent bond,…
Ions & Ionic Bonding
The Formation of Ions Ions are formed by the addition of electrons to, or the removal of electrons from, neutral atoms or molecules or other ions; by combination…
The Structure of Matter (Bonding)
The Structure of Matter (Bonding) Types of Substance & Properties All substances can be classified into one of these three types Elements, compounds and mixtures Element A substance…
Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons ( IGCSE Chemistry CIE Revision Notes ) Elements are made of tiny particles of matter called atoms Each atom is made of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons…
Experimental Techniques : Measurement & Purity
Time, Temperature, Mass & Volume Time Time can be measured using a stopwatch or stopclock which are usually accurate to one or two decimal places The units of…
The Particulate Nature of Matter
Solids, Liquids & Gases Solid has a definite shape and volume, liquid has a definite volume but take the shape of the container, gas has no definite shape or…
Carbon Dioxide & Methane Revision Notes
Greenhouse gases The greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the planet Earth. The main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,…
Fertilizers Revision Notes IGCSE Chemistry
Fertilizers Fertilizers are “The products that improve the levels of the available plant nutrients and/or the chemical and physical properties of the soil, thereby directly or indirectly enhancing…